You're listening to a very special podcast, episode
778, February 2nd, 2020 6:00
Hello and welcome to a
VerySpatial podcast.
I'm Jesse.
I'm Sue.
I am Barb,
and this is Frank.
And this week we're gonna be talking about things related to the news.
But first, the news.
We of course, found out recently that Dr.
Gladys West passed away at age of 95.
She, of course is remembered mostly from her representation
in the movie Hidden Figures.
But for us as the person who had a huge impact on.
Do the calculations related to the OID that is us, the Earth.
You know, she had a huge impact on GPS and King will continue to, of course,
forever 'cause it was that base work.
In mathematics that she helped do that and did that allowed it
to work and continue to work.
Yeah, it's very sad.
I mean, she was 95, so, it's amazing.
What's amazing to me is when you read through her biographies and
a lot of times coming out of like the local papers, like, D Witty.
County where she was born.
She was very productive throughout her whole life and her research with GPS,
global positioning systems and geodyssey just contributing up to her biography.
It began with a dream in 2020 and beyond.
I
just muted everything so you could blow your nose and then
you didn't blow your nose.
Most of this week is a theme continuing on with the theme of GNSS.
The Space Force has launched GP S3 SVO nine, and that was successfully
launched on the 27th of January.
And so that's another satellite on its way to the Constellation for GPS.
And of course GPS three continued to build out.
Or continues to build out capabilities, making it a little more robust and
resilient to things like jamming and such, but also adding those bands that
are a little bit more commercial focused.
So it's good to see that constellation continues to grow.
And SV zero nine is named in honor of Colonel Ellison Zuka a US Air Force
test pilot who was an astronaut that was aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger.
That, you know, from 1986, celebrating that anniversary.
Continuing with the Space Force slash gnss theme space Force has canceled their.
Call for, well work towards work with various organizations to look at small
SATs as a way to put up low cost.
Support mechanisms to make a more resilient GPS system.
So as opposed to having to spend the billions or hundreds of millions
of dollars per satellite for each GPS satellite this would've allowed
for small SATs to kind of be put into place to support and kind of,
I don't know, basically offset the.
Issues if we were to begin to lose satellites or deal with some
of the jamming issues that are becoming more common nowadays.
So that has been canceled.
I mean, that, that's disappointing because of course we were just in
the previous news item talking about the ninth launch in the GPS three.
Series, but the number of GPS satellites is, it's a big constellation
and it's expensive to maintain, expensive to get them up there.
And when you do have problems with them, there are backup satellites.
So I think the current is 27 in the working constellation, but 31 satellites.
So you do have some backup, but if the satellites go outta commission
and you drop below a certain number, then you lose coverage.
And so having the sort of nimble, a more nimble way.
To supplement when and occasionally do have some signal issues as we all
know, having used gps and other gnss.
So I think that's disappointing.
Maybe they'll bring it back.
Maybe it's just a partial thing.
It's hard to say anymore what's going on with stuff, but,
well, but I think that it's.
I'm gonna use the word dangerous to presume there's
any rationality necessarily driving a lot of this right now.
So I, I don't think there's a cohesive thought process.
Or strategy.
So that's probably why, who knows what the hell's gonna happen.
I'm just saying that if a certain communications satellite small
set array that recently announced itself as being an alternative to
GPS suddenly gets another contract.
You wouldn't be
shocked.
Be the resilient aspect.
Yes.
Yeah.
No.
Yes.
So,
Given that they put in a request to launch a million satellites, I
think over the next, I don't even remember how long it's gonna be.
So yeah, we'll see how that plays out.
With those two things kind of coming out at the same time and to round up the.
GNSS slash location aspect of these news items before we move on to
one that's not TikTok, which is now bifurcated into TikTok and TikTok us.
TikTok, US terms of service include detailed location data for users.
This of course is something that it should and has traditionally
been an opt-in option.
It wasn't something necessarily.
Being stored and saved.
Of course it would be attached to the media whenever it got
uploaded in certain cases.
There's a lot of questions I think, around what's gonna happen with TikTok us given
its terms of service, but there's so many people who are addicted at this point
who wouldn't want to leave the platform.
I'm just, I don't think it's gonna have a notable impact.
I can't say that those sort of things added to any of the other
social media seemed to have hampered it in any meaningful.
Way.
The thing that always concerns me, particularly with the kids meaning the
students interact with is how many are just utterly they just don't realize
that what they're agreeing to do.
I mean, none of us read the terms of service.
Let's be fair
now, but, you know, and the indifference to say, ah.
Which I guess you know, this, we can touch a bit of this on the topic, but
so it is something, even if you don't wanna read the whole terms of service,
'cause there's a whole bunch of junk in there that nobody cares about.
Just be aware, you could probably find a summary somewhere.
Yes.
Somebody has read it
and posted it on Reddit.
Sorry,
I'm so sorry.
I see what you did there.
I didn't post it 'cause I have to verify it, but I thought, I saw a news story
where someone did read all the terms of a, of service for one of the mobile
apps and they were able to like, get a free vacation out of it or something.
So I need to verify that.
But it was, you know, written in small print for someone that had read everything
and they got a settlement or something.
Anyway it's one of those stories.
And finally,
And finally, so Google Labs and.
I am not sure where this debuted but Google has released a preview and a
little test demo for Project Genie.
And so for all of us who work in 3D modeling, I guess game, even game
development, all kinds of things, right at first this seems pretty amazing.
On the downside, I, you can't really play with it because I other, I don't remember
as many tools being like this, but maybe this is just a sign of the times if
you even wanna play with project Genie.
So what it does is you put into prompt and it generates a world
that you can navigate around it.
So it's already got the camera navigation, it'll generate the models.
You can move around.
And then this is just from previews because if you wanna try it.
It's $125 us to try.
Okay.
So you have to have Google's AI Ultra subscription tier, which
Sue is pointing out, is $120
twenty
five, a hundred twenty $5 for the first three months.
It is $50 a month subscription platform tier if you're interested.
So even if you have pro plus you don't get access to project Genie
currently at least as it's in.
It's early beta stage, I guess.
Yes.
And there are some demo videos and even if you get it right now, you
can create little videos, but it essentially uses AI prompts and you can
use images as well to generate these worlds that you can navigate around in.
And so for those of us in the world building sort of, area,
on the one hand it's pretty, pretty amazing that we're there.
But it's a little bit hard to kinda gauge the.
Gauge that where they're going with the tools, since it's restricted.
So let's be honest, it's gonna be Google's latest amazing thing
gets canceled in no time at all.
Well, it
depends if they've got a history.
Yeah.
But I mean, it hasn't been released broadly other than to ultra subscribers.
And again it's one of those where it probably is eating
up a lot of tokens to do that.
So I guess I kinda get.
That, but to announce it and then not even give an easy access to do a one trial.
Yeah.
That's the weird part.
And then the second thing is that this is going to end up making a
whole lot of, I think it's gonna end up making a whole lot of worlds that
it's gonna, the game's gonna be spot.
The weird thing that.
You just go, okay.
But like, that's not how mailboxes work or whatever, you know, it's
gonna be something in there that you just go no, that's just like
a dream or something, you know?
Yeah.
Version.
I mean, it I will point out that it isn't creating the game.
It is just creating the world.
So yes, you get the camera, you get the character, you
get the world, but it doesn't.
Anything I've seen on it so far has not given any story
elements, anything like that.
It's just here it is.
You can wander through it type of situation.
Yeah.
I'm sure it'll grow at in time.
And of course the fact, if you can pull this into Unreal or Unity or
whatever your preferred engine is gonna gto, then yeah, you can probably
begin to put those elements in yourself by building on this model.
But.
Yeah, right now it's just the model.
Yeah.
And there's no way to, I mean, like in the early preview,
you can't export or anything.
You can just, I guess, create a, well, we know it.
We dunno.
So it's hard to tell what the end game is.
Yeah, looking at the gallery, it's sort of like street view, but for a
world builder you can be in the Amazon, you know, aviator, you're a parrot
exploring the canopy of a rainforest.
You know, it doesn't say where, and I can't really tell how accurate it is.
And you can be a paper plane flying over a waterfall and then even a
small little clay ladybug, it looks like going through your world.
It looks really good.
It's just like he said, oh, a cat on a vacuum, you know, can't
really tell what it is yet.
And so that's it for the news.
And onto the web corner.
There is a site that I really like to get their newsletters from because
it is City as a living laboratory.
It is a project that's been around since 2013 working with cities like New
York City and Milwaukee to really bring together the spatial community, artists,
scientists and do some ground level.
Work in a city.
And it's generated things like handwritten, hand-drawn maps even
map tattoos of, you know, the rivers.
And so it's still open for any cities or anyone working in an area
where they want to get involved.
I just like to get, look at it for some inspiration and some of the projects
and material that they make available.
For other urban areas to use.
Okay, so this week, given the preponderance of GNSS related.
Items in our news.
Might as well just talk about location based services, right?
Where we are, kind of the state of things where we think
we're going in the near future.
Maybe it's probably gonna be a shorter conversation, but just one to.
Come back around to after a little while, and we spent so much time
saying this year will be the year of location-based services whenever we were
first starting and now they're just so integrated into our daily lives that,
you know, it's a very stark difference for us, for people less aged than us.
It is, yeah.
Just the norm, right?
It's where we are.
It's what you've always known.
For anybody who's under the age of, I don't know, 30
it's just kind of been there,
you know, I haven't even go as far as to say almost 40.
I mean,
yeah, I mean, they would've been 20 whenever these things started to really
push them their way out, so, yeah.
That's
fair.
I mean, it's just, they're just so.
Ubiquitous now that and the interesting thing to me is that we don't call
them location based services for the most part I mean in the popular
vernacular, but knowing where you're at and what's around you is just
it's just part of the technology and no matter what you're using.
It's a little weird when you have an app that doesn't use location-based services.
Sometimes it's just like, it's, and it's just weird that it's so ubiquitous.
And there's some funny things I read funny to me on subreddits at various
points talking about you know, why are you telling me directions or
asking, you know, why did people really stop and ask directions on how
to get to this place or that place?
Like it was the.
Weirdest, most arcane thing these people had ever heard.
Why don't you just choose the GPS?
And that was, you know, that was a little bit just like, my God, that's
a wholly different way of thinking because I got very good at giving
directions when people would stop me, Hey, where's the post office?
Or whatever.
I go, okay, this is exactly what you wanna do.
And that's just a skill that most kids, most people, I say kids, most
people don't have anymore because you just don't need it for the most part.
What's interesting to me is the explosion of location based services, like Frank
said, not labeled that way outside the spatial community as an industry where
the innovation isn't in the location based
of the app itself or the tool itself, but in actually what people can do with that.
Basically selling that information or gathering that information, but then
not in the way that we normally think of it as an analysis or being able to do
something or make a decision based on it.
That it's almost the product itself is that collection.
But I don't think we could get there without the accuracy that we have now.
So I think we've almost got two different.
You know, location-based service worlds you know, one in which
we're doing the functionality.
And then the other one, which is the people as the product.
Does anyone else think it's weird that like, the last, I don't know
how many iPhones they never, it doesn't like they're doing anything
about the location accuracy.
They don't really talk about it.
I'm talking about the hardware side of things, not it's.
Not necessarily on, you know, making apple maps better or something like that.
You know, just
maybe that's a function of growing into the system, right?
That the bulk of the uterus, those of us at the beginning, who knew that
there was a way to make it better.
Right?
Because I remember back, so this is the thing back when I
first started using GPS, right?
It like with the handheld receivers, you could get access to and even.
Even the military base.
'cause I think I've said before on the podcast, I spent some time
doing surveys on a military base as a civilian contractor, but we
had access to the handheld devices.
So even those on a given day could be woefully inaccurate.
And we just kinda adapted to it.
And that's even like in the specialized space.
But as these became.
More ubiquitous.
I guess the trade-off is for when it's usually right versus well, all right.
We still have some mistakes, and now it's just one of those things that you
deal with and move on unless you get a sensational case, right, of somebody
followed their GPS into the lake.
Right.
You know, kind of thing.
So I mean, I just wonder if our tolerance has just.
It's just increased, and so we don't point it out as much.
What prompted me this is that often when I'm giving lectures, talk about, you
know, accuracy and how it matters and we have a surveying program on our campus.
And so sometimes you're talking to surveyors and you say, okay, well,
you know, you pick out your phone and you say, well, this thing is
accurate too, and I've usually stick my arms out in either direction
and go, it's about that accurate.
And you know, that matters for, that's perfectly fine for most people.
In most cases.
If you're trying to figure out how to get into the parking lot
of, you know, a store or something like that's perfectly accurate.
But if you're trying to figure out where a gas line is, that's
not nearly accurate enough.
That's, you know, my, my spiel in classes and I realized the other day, I was
like, I'm throwing my arms out and I've been doing the exact same demo for 10
years and I realized, you know what?
Is that accurate?
And I went and looked it up and I was like, oh, well actually that's
still about as accurate as iPhone ish get, I dunno about Android.
And I realized it's kind of odd that's just not a thing that we even think about.
The tech we I have to imagine that our GPS chips that are more accurate,
that would fit inside of an iPhone.
And Apple just went, eh.
It's fine.
So, okay.
We'd rather focus on something else.
Let's talk about the technologies then for just a second, to just give a base
layer of what we're talking about.
We're talking about GNSS today, our mobile devices, this is Android, iPhone.
Whatever you're using generally comes with a multi spectrum chip, so it'll grab
your data for your GPS or g nm SS sorry.
GPS Glow, NAS, Beal Galileo, I think all of those.
And then regional ones as well.
You can look at your phone to see which regions it does so you
can get accuracy on that level.
The issue, of course is that whenever you're even in the middle of a field.
No cell phone connection in terms of your 5G or 4G, whatever.
You're still dealing with the inaccuracies caused by the atmosphere, and so that's
where we get 20 meters or so off.
Right.
Then we have wide area augmentation systems that have
been set up that were made for.
Flights they're made to basically make sure that planes
have a close enough signal.
So it's basically a terrestrial base giving a correction signal.
So a differential GPS signal essentially to all these devices and it's wide area.
It's broadcasting all the time.
And so your device then can take advantage of that.
And that gets you down to the arm's length.
So two meters to four meters ish type of situation.
So we have our GNSS, we have our wide area augmentation system,
which is a differential GPS or differential GNSS system.
And then of course we have our professional differential GNS systems
that we can pay money to get access to every state, most countries.
Have access to a signal where they're feeding differential from base stations.
They have set up and regions in their state so you can get better accuracy.
That takes us down from two to four meters down to what sub foot
usually, depending on where you are.
But most people aren't gonna be using that because it's not commercial off the shelf.
And so it's really that two to four meters where we get to.
Yeah, why isn't Apple or someone else working with the
states to get access to that?
'cause they could, I mean, for very little money, they could probably
talk the states into giving them access to that better resolution,
differential data and get as much closer.
But at the same time, do they need to, because with our GPS
and our phones we're also.
Working with the cell phone triangulation besides our trilateration for GNSS
so that we get both of those and that gives us a lot more accuracy
than we get with GPS by itself.
So it gets us those last, you know, meter or meter and a half accuracy and helps
us whenever we're inside buildings where even the differential GPS systems can't
help us whenever we're inside buildings.
Okay.
That's the technical background.
Keep going.
Right.
So the thing that's kind of interesting to me is that we've
kind of decided culturally, I guess, that level of accuracy is perfectly
fine for almost all situations.
So don't worry about it.
That's all we really need to have.
So, I don't know this, I've never done the research to figure out what
the actual data shows, but I would bet at least 70%, maybe more of.
The location based services within a phone are used for either navigation or
to geotag a photo or video, and I would say maybe even higher, maybe 80% or 90%.
I mean, that's the overwhelming use cases, I think, for location based services for
most people, most of the time, in which case, you know, throw your arms out in
either direction, and that's accurate enough for almost all those scenarios.
So you kinda get why they have it, but it is kind of odd that since
you know, what precipitated this conversation a bit was, hey, this was
something that was we're, it's coming.
It's coming.
It's important for so many years.
And then we kind of peaked real quick and then it's like, okay, this is good.
And now it's about data, not about the technical signal piece.
Well, I mean, you have the location, right?
The location.
Accuracy isn't getting better, but the services that are taking
advantage of it are getting better, I think would be my counterpoint.
And so that's not really an os slash hardware based issue that's
whoever's utilizing and sharing the data or collecting the data.
And again, it's become so transparent.
We don't necessarily think about the fact that a lot of the apps that we download
every day are location-based service.
Oriented apps.
Yeah.
I think that all the developments on the data side, like I said.
Yeah.
And that, and I think that's it, right?
Because short of the use cases you gave, right?
If I'm navigating down a trail and it's really important that I have
super accuracy if I'm navigating to taco Bell or whatever, right?
It's a fixed location and if I get close enough, I'm gonna see it.
And so I think that's it, right?
We're now so used to everything wanting to give us that information,
by the way, to improve it.
That those of us who use the phones don't necessarily even notice any
kind of, you know, variance and the accuracy when it's enough to do the
things that are largely the services.
So now geofencing and in behind the scenes and stuff like that is a different story.
But I think that's one that still, I don't think took off at least.
And I'm not.
In this area much, but it doesn't seem like that took off quite as much.
So the sort of scenario where you're on foot and yeah, you
cross into a geo-fencing zone and you know, get some information.
So you know that collision might matter a little bit more in terms of where
it's occurring in the hidden boundary.
But,
so I pulled my phone outta my pocket and I would say that on any page that I'm
flipping through on my phone of apps.
Only about 20% of them and maybe less don't use or can't use my location.
Some of them don't need it.
I was gonna say, you sure they're not getting it anyway?
But they, most of them still can use it.
So for instance, whenever I first pulled it up, I had my smart
home stuff up and none of those.
Explicitly need my location, but they'll use my location to
say whether I'm home or not.
And that'll have an impact on whether certain things turn off or an on or not.
Knowing where my house is so that it knows when sunset is those type of things.
Things you don't really think about in terms of location based services.
That still are using your location.
So yeah, I think it's the data, whether it's data that we're providing
or data that we're utilizing like Frank's saying is, you know, where
we are now with those services.
You remember when we would go to the uc and we'd interview all those companies and
they would talk about how they're getting that better and making that better.
And, you know, integrating with this and uploading to that and this company's
buying that company and all that sort of stuff like that about the data space.
And I feel like even for in the note in the know people like, like we are supposed
to be, that has gotten real quiet.
It's just silently kind of happening on the backend.
It feels a little bit like, maybe this is a bad analogy 'cause you can
see that pretty easily, but it feels a little bit like, I don't know,
roadworks or something that just kind of happens in the background a bit.
You know, automatically less than a, oh, this is a celebrated thing.
So we're constantly making it better and better.
I mean, apple Maps, they had a big announcement a year or two ago with.
A big thing they were doing right.
But I'm, they've been kind of quiet lately on what they're doing.
They're just making it better and better, and they were probably the most famous
of the big players to have data issues.
Starting off that obviously that's been fixed, but.
You know, I think they're being very vocal because they had to
be vocal because they had so many issues starting outta the gate.
But even now it's kind of quiet.
It happens.
But you know, I bet if you look at the iOS notes for anything but like
a bug fix, something's going on with Apple Maps, but it's just like, oh
yeah, apple maps that thing better.
I think this comes around to.
A few different things, but one of them I'll point out that Bill
Dos recently wrote over on his Geo Musings blog post GIS Revisited.
And maybe that's just a topic that we need to just kind of deep dive
into what he talks about in that.
But it is a. Again, this, he talked about the first time he talked about
post GIS now is even more true now.
Kind of the de monolithic of GISI mean, we still have the monoliths,
the RGIS, QGIS, those type of things.
But there's a lot more of the use code tools to do a very specific thing.
We're seeing a lot more of that at this point.
Maybe we did maybe 20 years ago.
Whenever we were first starting, there was still some of it going on, but now
there's just more use cases for doing that than maybe there was whenever it
was mostly laptop, desktop, and so maybe that is why we're not hearing about it
as much is because it's so decentralized that we don't hear about what each.
A company is doing to have these impacts on location-based services.
And again, sometimes it just comes down to a line of code that somebody
shared on GitHub that suddenly everybody's using whenever they're
building their, they're new tools.
And Jesse, to that point, I think sometimes with that decentralization
it's not just that it can't make a broader splash because of, you know,
it's no longer in that, that those big situations, but also that the people
doing it themselves might not realize how significant what they're doing is.
You know, it's not just they don't have a voice to say it to.
It's they themselves might not realize what a big deal they've made in the world.
Going back to the early days of Gladys West and Geodyssey.
Okay,
so broad ideas.
I didn't really talk in advance to, to coordinate, but I think that gives you
some ideas of where we are in terms of our thoughts on GNSS, location-based
services, those type of things between the news items and this, and it's,
you know, continuing to change.
And, you know, going back to our, another, our other news item
of the question of resilience.
It's not just about the location resilience, it's the PNT resilience
that we are looking for as well.
And it's not just the US with GPS that's doing this.
So we do have other countries who are working on these issues
and implementing strategies to make these things more resilient.
So since our phones, since many of our devices can.
Access multiple GNS systems.
It just it will make our own use cases more resilient as well.
So,
and I think the fact that we don't hear stuff is, you know, we said it
kept saying, well, it's gonna arrive.
It kind of aro, it kind of arrived like, you know, the water sort of
oozed in and LBS and all of these things are now just just so embedded.
Our mobile world that it just didn't arrive with a bang.
And for me, right?
This the short amount of time, I still have a slide in my discussion
of this for my introductory students that shows a graphic of the LBS sort
of chain and the device in there is Blackberry in the picture, and
there's also a Microsoft Zoom, right?
And so it goes back to an era when people were trying to.
Figure these things out.
And everybody wanted to be the first one to say can you connect these things?
And I have to tell, just, I have to tell them what a card catalog is.
I have to tell them what these devices were and that for a brief moment in time.
Right?
These were the things that people were trying to do with these you know, services
and collections and the devices that they tried to make to leverage them.
And
leave it to a person with a BA in Master's in history to feel like they need to
explain why Blackberry was I to GNSS?
I think so.
I think that always should bere appreciate where it came from.
Do you think they actually do in your two minutes of talking about it?
I think it's funny.
They actually thanks to, and thanks to Guardians of the Galaxy,
some of them know what a zoo is.
And so, so there you go.
Well, you know, I, that, that is harken back to a professor.
We all know Dr. He's a retired times ERUs, but Dr. Greg Elms and his intro
to GIS class used to spend time talking.
What is binary, how it works and all that sort of stuff, because he felt,
I think, correctly that most students didn't really have the background of how
a computer actually does computer stuff.
And every time that we go over, you'd hear students complaining,
why do I even need to know this?
This is not relevant to anything.
So, you know.
Except for the way that the computer works.
Yeah, well, you know,
and I feel like this is an opportunity.
You, it goes on YouTube, the Geodyssey community is putting out calls for people
to get into the field, you know, and everything we've been talking about shows
that, you know, even though it's been happening quietly, there still is a need
for this type of deep research going on.
So, you know, to say.
You know, if you're interested in any of these topics, to think
about it as a field of study.
Well, and not even necessarily research if you, if it's something you're
interested in serving is still needed.
And it's, I think people see.
It less because there's so many technologies in their life that,
that are doing some of those things.
But as someone who worked in North Carolina until just a couple of
years ago you know, it's a very clear distinction in some states about what
people who are doing JS can do and what people with surveying license can do.
And to be fair, legally that's true everywhere.
But even some of the traditional GIS type of things are limited for
GIS people to do because they're seen by certain legislation to be
things that are surveyor projects.
So
that's a whole nother podcast.
Yes.
Well, it's just if you can g geodyssey, you can do both.
So, places like North Carolina a and t why am I not gonna remember
anywhere else in the country?
Oh, well, you can go to and get into those type
of Washington state, I think.
Yeah.
Oregon one of those two had the model law that went into effect.
It's like 10 years ago now.
Yeah.
But I was trying to think of universities that have ssy slash
whatever you wanna call 'em.
Geo, what is it?
What is it?
Are you thinking of
geomatics?
Thank you Geomatics programs or go to your local community college
and get your surveying classes.
Do an internship and that's and get into your PLS if you need it.
I tell you what, we got exposed to some really interesting data that we're
trying to purchase at my institution.
And it's about programs meaning academic programs and their demand.
And I was very shocked to find that they had basically run as a preliminary report.
They had run all of our programs through, and they showed basically the
demand compared to the competitors.
Competitiveness.
In other words, how many programs are doing that?
And I was shocked at the demand for surveying.
It was like 98% out of a score of a hundred.
It was like, we need this.
This is important.
Yeah.
So more places need to be doing it.
Yeah.
And I say I was shocked that somebody who thought we need this is important.
But I even, I was shocked at how high that number was.
And that's it for the topic.
Okay, onto the events corner.
As always, check out these events, most of which are in other current countries.
This time around
the 2026 International Conference on Geography and
Travel, ICGT is taking place.
April 1st in Pune, India.
The Geographical association conference will be April 8th through
the 10th in Sheffield in the uk.
The European Geosciences Union General Assembly will be November 3rd through
the eighth in Vienna, Austria, and online
Nordic Geographers meeting is taking place June 22nd through the 25th in Rey Iceland.
Of course, if you'd like us to add your event to the podcast.
Send us an email to podcast@veryspatial.com.
If you'd like to reach us individually, I can be reached at sue@veryspatial.com.
I can be reached at barb@veryspatial.com.
You can reach me atFrank@veryspatial.com,
and I'm available at kind of spatial.
You can find all of our contact information over at
very spatial.com/contacts.
As always,
we're the folks from very spatial.
Thanks for listening,
and we'll see you in a couple weeks.
Yeah.
Then I.
Oh God.
I used to know how to say anything to anyone.
I know
she's freefall and now I'm going back.
I know
I
the.
Oh, would you tell.
Oh,
I.