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Mike: Welcome to Upswing Poker Level Up,

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the show that helps you
get better at poker fast.

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My name is Mike Brady and I've got
Scottish cash game pro and coach Gary

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Blackwood on the line to talk about
how to approach three betting,

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AKA reraising before the flop.

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Gary: Thanks for having me, Mike.

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Very happy to be here covering
a very important topic.

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Let's get straight into it.

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Mike: Yeah, so we're going to talk about
when to three bet over an open raise,

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how to decide which hands to three bet
for value and reveal the hands that are

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the best three bet bluff candidates.

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We'll also get into the nitty gritty of
three bet sizing and discuss critical

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factors that should impact
your three bet strategy.

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Let's start with something
simple but important.

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Why is it important to have a well
thought out three bet strategy?

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Gary: Well,

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I think that's a great question to start
with and there are two really important

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reasons for us to have a
solid three bet strategy.

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The first one is that three betting used
to happen a whole lot less than it does

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now.

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People used to play so many flats
compared to how they play now and now many

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great players play three bet or fold
from so many different positions.

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It's just so much more
common and therefore a very
important part of the game.

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Secondly, given how
common it is these days,

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you can bet that your opponents will
have a really solid three bet strategy

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themselves. So it's really important
that ours are up to scratch as well.

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Mike: Yeah, not every opponent,
if you're playing low stakes live,

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micro stakes online, maybe some of your
opponents don't know what they're doing,

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might have unreasonable
three bet strategies,

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should maybe listen to this
podcast, but Gary is right.

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Most players out there who are thinking
players are going to have solid three

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bet strategies these days.

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The first step to building a three betting
range is to consider which hands you

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want to three bet for value. So Gary,

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how do you decide which hands are good
enough to three bet for value pre flop?

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Gary: Well,

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it varies by position and also which
position our opponent has opened from.

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For example, if under the gun opens
and we're under the gun plus one,

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our value range is much narrower because
our opponent has opened from under the

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gun and therefore has a tighter range
themselves. But if the cutoff opens,

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we get to really widen
that value range up.

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A perfect example is that some pre-flop
charts will have you folding ace queen

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offsuit a little bit and folding ace eight
suited pure, MP versus under the gun.

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But when the cutoff opens,

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we've got ace jack and ace ten offsuit
in our range along with all the suited

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ace X and some other
hands in there as well.

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Mike: So you touched on
there how position should
impact your value three bet

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threshold, but how does
the open size impact it?

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Gary: So this is a really good question
and it's really important that we don't

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have just one three bet size.

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Generally we want to go three times
our opponent's raise size when we're in

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position and four times when
we're out of position. However,

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people have gotten
pretty smart these days.

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They know that when they open
from under the gun and MP,

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they're going to play a pot
out of position very often
and therefore they use a

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smaller opening size to counter this.

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So if our opponent uses a
standard 2.5x open size,

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then just three betting to three
times that raise size is fine.

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But if somebody opens to
2.2x or even a min raise,

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they're doing this to keep
the pot small out of position.

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So if we only three bet
to three times that raise,

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we're allowing them to exploit
us. So versus those smaller opens,

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I tend to size up slightly, go around
3.5 times to stop that happening.

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In terms of the range,

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unless it's a really big open or a
really crazy player that's opening,

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I think our range should stay
the same whether it's a min open,

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2.5 times or three times.

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Mike: Alright, now that we have
the value range nailed down,

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let's talk about balancing that value
range with bluffs. First of all,

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why is it important to include some
bluffs in your three bet range?

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Gary: Well, I think the answer lies in
the question. We need to be balanced.

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If our range is just value only,

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we're not three betting anywhere near
wide enough and as a result we're costing

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ourselves a lot of EV.

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Say we three bet cutoff versus MP and
the flop comes down king six deuce,

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rainbow.

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We just get to bet our entire range
there and our opponent folds so much.

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So if we've got value only,

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we're missing out on all these spots
where we easily just C bet and win the pot

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because our range is wide enough. There
are also things like board coverage.

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So if we don't have the six five
suited in our three bet range,

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big blind versus MP for example,

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when the flop comes down seven
four three or six five deuce,

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our range is really
struggling. And lastly,

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we just become really exploitable if our
opponent knows that we don't have any

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bluffs and are very, very value heavy.

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It's really good for your image to
show down nine high in a three bet pot

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sometimes.

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Mike: What types of hands
make the best three bet bluffs?

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Gary: Let's talk about
the big blind blasts.

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We three bet a different
range from the big blind,

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but all the other positions really
favor high cards. Suited ace x,

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suited double broadway,
even versus late position.

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We have some unsuited double
broadway in our range,

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all those mergey type hands which are
kind of on the line between being a value

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bet and a bluff.

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We also throw in some low suited
connectors at a smallish frequency and we

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immediately have a very solid,
pretty wide three bet range.

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Hands that should not be in there
are hands like pocket threes,

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king ten offsuit,

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ace nine offsuit and definitely no
suited gappers like six four suited,

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nine seven suited, jack eight suited.

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These are disaster three bets and we
should always be folding these hands pre

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flop. Onto the big blind now, and this
is where we see some really funky hands,

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especially versus the small
blind and versus the button.

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We'll have all the hands
that we've just mentioned,

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but we've also got some
queen eight suited,

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jack seven suited hands versus the
button and then versus the small blind,

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we have such a crazy wide range
including hands like king eight offsuit,

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ace deuce offsuit, ten
deuce suited and so on.

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I just want to quickly say that big
blind versus small blind we three bet so

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many hands like this and it's so important
that we find these three bets and

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that's because we get to deny so much
equity from better hands that have to

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simply fold versus that three bet. If
you look at king six offsuit for example,

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say the small blind opens and we three
bet the big blind with king six offsuit,

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we fold out all the better king x, like
king ten, king nine, king seven suited,

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and so many hands like ace four, ace
eight offsuit, all those better hands.

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And if our opponent
does peel our three bet,

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we're playing a three bet pot in position,

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which is actually a very
profitable situation for us.

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Mike: All right, so we've covered
value three bets generally.

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We've covered bluff three bets generally
and later on in this episode I want to

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kind of do an example range where we
talk about the specific hands we would

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three bet in a specific
positional matchup.

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But before we get into that,
I want to clarify one thing.

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So you had talked a little bit about
three bet sizing earlier going about three

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times the original raise in position
and four times the original raise out of

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position,

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but there's one position that's very
special and actually requires a little bit

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of an adjustment in three bet sizing.

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Can you talk about what that position
is and what size to use Gary?

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Gary: Yeah, absolutely.

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We've just spoken about our
big blind three bet strategy.

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The big blind is the only position
where we're really quite polarized.

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So when we're out of position from
the big blind versus the button,

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we've got jack seven suited
and queen eight suited.

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We don't have those types of hands from
the small blind and therefore we're a

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little more polarized. And I like
my sizing scheme to reflect this.

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I generally go 4.5x just to allow my
sizing to reflect the fact that I'm

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polarized and I've got some hands in
there that I don't have when I'm in the

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small blind.

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Mike: Yeah, a little fun fact for people.

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If you ever watch those super high
roller tournaments with some of the best

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players in the world battling
with very deep stacks,

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you'll see three bet sizes out of
the big blind upwards of seven times,

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eight times the original raise because
they're just really trying to pump up the

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pot with a very polarized range. Always
interesting to see that, but yeah,

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generally speaking, if you're playing
100 BB cash, like Gary said, 4.5x,

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5x the original raise is
going to do just fine.

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So continuing our discussion
on three bet sizing,

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how does stack depth
change the optimal size?

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Are you adjusting your size when stacks
get deeper or when stacks get shorter?

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Gary: It's really simple to adjust to
different stack sizes because obviously

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not everyone plays 100 big
blinds deep all the time.

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If you're playing against a shorter stack,

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you want to just go a little smaller
with your three bet size to allow for a

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little more playability post
flop. And on the flip side,

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when you're playing a little deeper,

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you just want to size up ever so slightly
to account for those deeper stacks.

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Mike: Yeah, and if you want some
related reading on that topic,

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go ahead and Google stack to pot ratio.

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You'll find an article on Upswing Poker
that covers that concept quite in depth

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and it's kind of the key concept behind
why you want to increase your three bet

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size when you're deeper. There's one
other thing I want to add there too.

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If you watch the Doug Polk versus
Daniel Negreanu heads up challenge,

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you may have noticed Doug was actually
decreasing his three bet size when he was

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out of position as stacks got deeper
and he increased all of his raise

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sizes when he was in position.

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I think this is a heads up
exclusive concept because
the best six max players in

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the world don't do that, but a lot of the
best heads up players in the world do.

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The very interesting and nerdy reason
behind it. When stacks get deeper,

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the value of position goes up.

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So by making the three bet
size smaller out of position,

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your opponent is winning more
of a smaller pot. Now again,

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that's pretty esoteric stuff
if you don't play heads up,

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it's kind of totally irrelevant to you,

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but it's something I just wanted
to throw out there. Alright,

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I want to flesh out in position versus
out of position play a little bit more.

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So Gary,

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can you speak to in position versus out
of position three bet sizing and ranges

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a little bit more?

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Gary: So our range that three bets is
quite similar to be honest whether we're

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in position or out of position.

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And the difference is that we use a
larger three bet size out of position.

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Think about just how wide your opponent
could peel if you used a 3x three bet

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size out of position,

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they would just continue their whole
range with such a great price and the fact

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that they're in position. So we have to
use that bigger size out of position.

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But like I said,

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the range that three bets is really
quite similar and the fundamentals of a

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tighter range versus an EP open and a
wider range versus a later position open,

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they still stay the same.

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Mike: Let's talk about
some specific ranges.

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Let's take the small
blind for example. Gary,

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can you talk about the type of range
that you would three bet from the small

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blind versus an early position raise
and then compare that to the range you'd

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three bet from the small
blind versus a button raise?

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Gary: Yeah,

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so I'm looking at the advanced solver
ranges from the Upswing Poker Lab to

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compare these two spots and say EP opens,

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our range is really quite narrow here
that when we three bet from the small

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blind, we've got pocket eights and above,

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all the suited broadways and some
ace queen and ace five suited.

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That's such a narrow range and if we
compare that to small blind versus button

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where we've got way more suited ace x,
king jack offsuit, ten eight suited,

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pocket fives, it's just so much wider and
it's important that we understand why.

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Under the gun's opening range is tight
and our range has got to be tight as a

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result, but when the button opens,

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their range is really wide and our range
can get much, much wider as a result.

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The exact same logic applies to in
position, the wider the opening range,

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the wider our three betting range becomes.

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We should also try and play a strategy
that involves no flats in the cutoff or

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in middle position. And there are
two huge reasons for this. Firstly,

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if we flat, we kind of cap ourselves
to never having hands like aces, kings,

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ace king and then the players behind
can just make our lives a misery by

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squeezing relentlessly and we just end
up out of position with a weak range so

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often and bleeding money on
the flop. Secondly, the rake,

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the rake is really high, higher
than some of us might realize,

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and if we're flatting too much then
the rake starts to eat away at our win

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rates. But if we three bet correctly,

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it has much less of an
impact on our results.

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So let's be sure we're not flatting in
the cutoff and MP or in the small blind

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and we're playing a three bet or fold
strategy from all of these positions.

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Mike: Yeah, playing a three bet or
fold strategy from the small blind.

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I think that's something that a lot of
players have been doing for a long time,

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but it's a little bit more of a modern
approach to also play three bet or fold

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from those other positions like
the cutoff, like middle position,

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early position if you're playing a nine
handed game and Gary touched on the

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reasons why you do that,

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the rake really makes your calls suffer
and there's the potential that you will

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face a squeeze behind which puts you in
a really, really tough spot. And lastly,

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of course your range is really capped.
When you call a raise from the cutoff,

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it's pretty clear the types
of hands you're going to have.

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You're going to have pocket pairs,

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you're going to have some double broadway
hands, maybe like a jack ten suited,

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maybe some offsuit aces like
an ace jack, ace queen offsuit.

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It's just kind of obvious for your
opponent which boards are going to connect

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with that range.

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It's going to prevent them from paying
you off when you hit a strong hand,

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it's going to allow them
to bluff you effectively.

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It's just a situation you can avoid by
playing three bet or fold. Now that said,

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there are situations that make
sense to call. Really obvious one,

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in tournaments or in any
situation where there's an ante,

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it makes a lot more sense to start
having a calling range because that price

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that you're getting is so much
better pre-flop. Additionally,

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if you have some really weak players
behind or maybe the player that raised is

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very weak and in addition
you have weak players behind,

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you can start to consider mixing in some
calls because in those situations you

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want to take advantage of the player
who raised if they're a bad player and

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you're not really worried
about the players behind
squeezing you out of the pot

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because well, they're not
going to do it very often.

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So there are some situations that you
can keep your eye out for to start having

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some calls, but generally
speaking as a default strategy,

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you're going to want to play
that three bet or fold approach.

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00:12:41,020 --> 00:12:43,900
It's also going to be a lot easier for
you to play post-flop because when you

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three bet your range is
going to be a lot stronger,

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00:12:46,450 --> 00:12:49,120
it's a more simplified approach. It
really just makes a lot of sense.

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One last note,

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00:12:50,111 --> 00:12:54,100
a lot of poker players really suck at
playing against three bets and playing

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three bet pots. They get
scared, they get timid.

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Sometimes certain guys get spewy.

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You get to take advantage of that by
three betting more often. Alright,

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we've covered a lot of
ground in this short episode,

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but I want to wrap it up with a quick
example and it's going to be a little bit

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00:13:08,921 --> 00:13:13,270
of a quiz too. So suppose
you're in a two five cash game,

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your opponent in the hijack raises
to $15. You're in the cutoff,

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one seat to his left.

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00:13:19,690 --> 00:13:23,860
What hands are you going to
be three betting there if
you're playing a three bet

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or fold strategy that has no calls?
Pause the podcast really quick,

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consider what hands you'd three bet and
then Gary will reveal the answer when

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you unpause.

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00:13:39,520 --> 00:13:42,580
Gary: So let's start with our pocket
pairs. We've got eights, nines, tens,

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jacks, queens, kings and aces. We've got
all of our suited broadways, jack ten,

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queen ten, et cetera. We've even got
king queen offsuit, ace queen offsuit,

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00:13:50,890 --> 00:13:54,610
ace five and ace four suited
as well as ace nine suited.

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00:13:55,030 --> 00:13:58,810
And then we've got ace jack offsuit and
then sometimes rather infrequently we've

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00:13:58,811 --> 00:14:02,830
got seven six, six five and five four
suited. Really important we find these,

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but not too often because obviously
we need that board coverage.

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As mentioned earlier in the podcast,
if the board comes down six five deuce,

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you're just struggling on a board like
that if you don't have these suited

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00:14:12,230 --> 00:14:13,390
connectors from time to time.

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Mike: Yeah, and Gary,

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00:14:14,231 --> 00:14:17,200
I believe you were reading right off
the advanced solver ranges right there.

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00:14:17,890 --> 00:14:21,580
Gary: That's right. A really fantastic
tool that all the Upswing members have.

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00:14:21,910 --> 00:14:24,700
The advanced solver ranges are
fantastic. I strongly recommend them.

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00:14:25,150 --> 00:14:28,600
Mike: Yeah, so if you want to get
access to the advanced solver ranges,

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00:14:28,610 --> 00:14:32,140
all you have to do is sign up for
the Upswing Lab training course on

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00:14:32,141 --> 00:14:35,440
upswingpoker.com. You don't
just get the ranges too.

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00:14:35,620 --> 00:14:40,330
You also get 85 plus lessons that
each cover a crucial strategy topic,

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00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:43,870
hundreds of play and explain videos in
which the coaches demonstrate a winning

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00:14:43,871 --> 00:14:48,610
strategy and access to a community where
you can ask questions, get answers,

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00:14:48,611 --> 00:14:51,980
and participate in discussions that
will help you improve your skills.

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00:14:52,190 --> 00:14:53,750
Keep in mind, you can cancel any time,

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00:14:53,751 --> 00:14:55,730
you're not locked into a
contract or anything like that.

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00:14:56,060 --> 00:14:59,420
We hate contracts and would never
impose them on our members. Anyway,

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00:14:59,421 --> 00:15:03,080
thanks very much for listening to the
three betting episode of the Upswing Poker

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00:15:03,081 --> 00:15:06,890
Level Up Podcast. We'll see you
next time. Gary: Take care guys.

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00:15:06,950 --> 00:15:07,460
See you next time.

